• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The timepiece comprises a tourbillon comprising a cage (6) which carries a balance (16), a hairspring (15) and a magnetic escapement device (18), the latter comprising an escapement mobile (20), comprising at least one annular magnetic structure (26), and further at least one magnetic element (33) coupled with the magnetic structure and having an oscillating movement synchronous with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator (14). The magnetic escapement (18) is arranged so as to present alternately phases of energy accumulation, coming from a conversion of mechanical energy supplied by the barrel into potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement (18), and phases of transfer of energy accumulated in the magnetic escapement (18) to the mechanical resonator (14). During the energy transfer phases, the magnetic element (33) undergoes a radial magnetic force, relative to the axis of rotation of the exhaust mobile (20), so that the magnetic exhaust (18) converts then in mechanical energy of the potential magnetic energy accumulated in the previous energy accumulation phase in order to maintain the oscillation of the mechanical resonator (14). The invention makes it possible to increase the oscillation frequency of the mechanical resonator (14) and also the operating precision.
    公开号:CH715049A2
    申请号:CH00601/19
    申请日:2019-05-07
    公开日:2019-12-13
    发明作者:Nakis Karapatis Polychronis；Stranczl Marc；Légeret Benoît
    申请人:Montres Breguet Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to timepieces comprising a timepiece movement equipped with a tourbillon carrying in a cage a mechanical resonator, formed of a balance and a hairspring, and an escapement device. By vortex, we also understand what the skilled person sometimes calls a carousel. In addition, such a watch movement comprises a barrel arranged to accumulate mechanical energy and a cog kinematically connecting the tourbillon cage to the barrel.
    Technological background [0002] Watch movements equipped with a tourbillon have been known for a long time. This watch movement is generally called a tourbillon and even a watch fitted with such a watch movement.
    In a conventional tourbillon, the cage works like a second mobile. It comprises a second pinion and it is driven via this second pinion by a medium wheel. The cage carries a classic escapement formed by an escapement mobile and an anchor, in particular a Swiss anchor. The force is transmitted to the escapement mobile via its pinion which meshes, like a satellite, with a fixed second wheel secured to the plate.
    The operation of a conventional Swiss lever escapement is well known to those skilled in the art. The escapement wheel has a plurality of teeth which cooperate with two pallets carried by the anchor. Each pallet has an inclined plane at its free end. To generate a maintenance impulse of the balance-spring, one of the teeth of the escape wheel comes to press tangentially against the inclined plane of one of the two pallets, so as to exert a force couple on the anchor which is thus driven in rotation by the escape wheel, the latter being driven in rotation by the rotation of the cage via the second fixed wheel. The maintenance impulse ends when the impulse spout, which each tooth of the escapement wheel contains, is at the bottom of the inclined plane. Thus, to generate a maintenance pulse, the escape wheel must be able to undergo a rotation over an angular distance corresponding to the angular distance, relative to the axis of rotation of the exhaust mobile, of the inclined plane of the pallet with which it interacts with. However, as indicated, the rotation of the escapement wheel is intimately linked to that of the tourbillon cage, a kinematic connection being provided between the escapement wheel and the tourbillon cage. Consequently, in order to drive the escapement wheel in rotation, it is necessary to set in rotation the vortex which has a relatively high inertia. The maintenance impulse transmitted to the balance wheel is therefore limited in intensity by the inertia of the tourbillon and also of the cog kinematically connecting the tourbillon cage to the barrel. The inertia of the tourbillon carriage is related to the escapement wheel, which increases the inertia of the latter.
    The tourbillon mechanism is known to average the vertical positions and therefore improve the progress of a watch movement in a wristwatch when it is worn. However, in a conventional movement, the tourbillon increases the inertia of the escapement device because the tourbillon cage is integral in rotation with the escapement wheel. This limits the acceleration the escape wheel can experience. As the momentum given to the balance wheel is dependent on the rotation of the escapement wheel, it is not possible to increase the frequency above 5 Hz reliably at the chronometric level. As a result, the possible oscillation frequency for the balance-spring of such a vortex mechanism is limited. Thus, the frequency of oscillation of a conventional balance-spring in a tourbillon is generally less than five Hertz (5 Hz) and can in certain specific cases reach 5 Hz. It is usually worth for example three Hertz. We understand that this limits the precision of movement that can be obtained with a watch movement equipped with a classic tourbillon.
    Thus, the remarkable advantage of the tourbillon for the precision of walking when worn with a watch that incorporates it is degraded, due to the operation of the classic escapement, by the great inertia that its cage generally presents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aim of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem of the conventional tourbillon mentioned above, so as to make it possible to further increase the chronometric benefit of a tourbillon, in particular to increase the precision of the watch movement equipped with a tourbillon according to the invention by the arrangement of a mechanical resonator in the tourbillon cage, having an oscillation frequency Fo greater than the conventional frequencies, preferably greater than five Hertz (Fo > 5Hz).
    To this end, the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a timepiece movement equipped with a tourbillon, which comprises a cage arranged rotating around a main axis, a barrel, arranged to accumulate mechanical energy, and of a cog kinematically connecting the tourbillon cage to the barrel. The tourbillon carries a mechanical resonator, made up of a balance and a hairspring, and an escapement device. According to the invention, the exhaust device is a magnetic exhaust which comprises an exhaust mobile formed by an exhaust pinion and a magnetic structure or magnetic structures having a generally annular shape which is centered on an axis of rotation of the exhaust mobile. The magnetic escapement further comprising a magnetic element which, or a plurality of magnetic elements each of which is arranged so as to have an oscillating movement which is synchronous
    CH 715 049 A2 with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator and which has a non-zero radial component relative to said axis of rotation. The magnetic element or each of the magnetic elements of the plurality of magnetic elements is coupled, at least momentarily periodically, with the magnetic structure or magnetic structures so that the escapement mobile rotates through an angular period predetermined at each period of oscillation of the pendulum. Then, according to the invention, the magnetic escapement presents, in normal operation of the watch movement, alternately phases of energy accumulation, coming from a conversion of mechanical energy supplied by the barrel into potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement, and phases of transfer of energy accumulated in the magnetic escapement to the magnetic resonator.
    Finally, the magnetic escapement is arranged so that:
    - during each energy accumulation phase, the magnetic element or all of the magnetic elements, which among the plurality of magnetic elements are then coupled to the magnetic structure or to the magnetic structures, undergoes a torque magnetic, relatively to said axis of rotation, having a direction opposite to that of a drive torque, applied by the barrel via the tourbillon cage to the escapement mobile, and an intensity lower than that of this torque of force drive, so that the exhaust mobile is able to rotate by a certain angle to allow the accumulation of a certain potential magnetic energy in the magnetic exhaust;
    - during each energy transfer phase, the magnetic element or each element of the set of magnetic elements, which among the plurality of magnetic elements is coupled to the magnetic structure or to the magnetic structures during a phase of previous energy accumulation, undergoes a radial magnetic force (which is preferably main), relatively to said axis of rotation, during an alternation of its oscillating movement and in the direction of the radial component of this oscillating movement during this alternation, so that the magnetic escaping converts into mechanical energy potential magnetic energy accumulated (preferably the major part) in the previous energy accumulation phase in order to maintain the oscillation of the mechanical resonator.
    Thanks to the characteristics of the timepiece according to the invention, in particular to the type of magnetic escapement selected to equip the tourbillon, the energy pulses transmitted to the mechanical resonator to maintain it are no longer limited in intensity. by the inertia of the tourbillon cage. In fact, even the inertia of the cog no longer influences the generation of these energy pulses. In fact, only the inertia of the anchor (in the case where a stop is provided) influences the dynamics of the maintenance pulses supplied by the magnetic escapement to the mechanical resonator. Note that the anchor here forms a magneto-mechanical converter. Thus, these maintenance pulses can be shorter, that is to say intervening in very limited time intervals which no longer depend on the inertia of the vortex. These remarkable characteristics make it possible to improve the precision of the movement of the watch movement and in particular to improve the isochronism of the mechanical resonators formed by a balance-spring. Furthermore, they make it possible to arrange mechanical resonators having a high quality factor in the tourbillon, in particular a balance spring having a natural oscillation frequency much higher than that of a conventional balance spring for a conventional tourbillon. , in particular a natural frequency greater than 5 Hz.
    The magnetic escapement according to the present invention therefore allows to temporally dissociate the periodic transmission of a certain amount of energy from the barrel to the magnetic escapement, which is arranged to accumulate momentarily, and the transmission of this energy accumulated from the magnetic exhaust to the mechanical resonator. Thus, thanks to the magnetic escapement as selected in the context of the invention to equip a tourbillon, the maintenance pulses supplied by the magnetic escapement to the mechanical resonator can be generated mainly without rotation of the wheel d 'exhaust and substantially independently of such rotation. Thus, the inertia of the train and the inertia of the tourbillon cage no longer hinder the generation of maintenance pulses. What is important is the radial nature of the force which intervenes mainly to generate each maintenance pulse after a phase of accumulation of potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement, so that the fact that the cage rotates whether or not or only from a small angle is substantially without consequence on the generation of the maintenance pulses. As a result, the tourbillon mechanism equipped with a magnetic escapement according to the invention can deliver maintenance pulses of short duration and of relatively high intensity.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanical resonator comprises a balance which is magnetically pivoted in the tourbillon cage, which for this purpose comprises two magnetic bearings. This particular variant makes it possible, in addition to the various advantages provided by the selected magnetic escapement, to greatly limit the operating differences of the mechanical resonator between the horizontal positions and the vertical positions (the latter being averaged thanks to the vortex). We therefore understand that it thus becomes possible to obtain a tourbillon watch having a very high precision of movement.
    Brief description of the figures The invention will be described below in more detail with the aid of the appended drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, in which:
    CH 715 049 A2
    fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention, which is formed by a movement equipped with a tourbillon; fig. 2 is a partial top view of the watch movement of FIG. 1 with some elements removed to facilitate the view of elements important to the invention; fig. 3 is a sectional view of the watch movement of FIG. 1, along the cutting line III-III indicated in FIG. 2; fig. 4 is a sectional view of the watch movement of FIG. 1, along the section line IV — IV indicated in FIG. 2; fig. 5 gives the two curves of the magnetic potential energy in the magnetic escapement of fig. 2, depending on the angular position of the exhaust mobile, for the stopper positioned respectively in one and the other of its two rest positions; fig. 6 to 9 partially represent the mechanical resonator and the magnetic escapement, incorporated in the tourbillon of the first embodiment, in four different positions when the mechanical resonator alternates; fig. 10 is a partial section, similar to that of FIG. 3, of a second embodiment of the invention; fig. 11 is a partial schematic representation of a first variant of the first or second embodiment, in which only the balance and the magnetic escapement incorporated in the tourbillon have been represented; fig. 12 shows a second alternative embodiment of the first or second embodiment of the invention; fig. 13 shows the mechanical resonator and the magnetic escapement, carried by the cage of a tourbillon, of a third embodiment of the invention; and fig. 14 represents, for the magnetic escapement of fig. 13, magnetic potential energy curves defined by the magnetic structure and alternately two magnetic elements fixed to the balance and interacting with the magnetic structure.
    Detailed description of the invention [0015] With the aid of FIGS. 1 1 to 11, a first embodiment of the invention will be described below, and in particular the specific operation of the magnetic escapement incorporated in the whirlwind of the invention.
    The timepiece comprises a timepiece movement 2 equipped with a tourbillon 4 comprising a cage 6 arranged rotating around a main axis 8, a barrel 10 arranged to accumulate mechanical energy and a cog 11 kinematically connecting the tourbillon cage to the barrel. The tourbillon carries a mechanical resonator14, formed of a balance 16 and a hairspring 15, and an exhaust device 18. The tourbillon is pivoted between a plate 3 and a bridge 9. The exhaust device consists of a magnetic escapement which comprises an exhaust mobile 20 formed by an exhaust pinion 24 and a first escape wheel 22, the latter comprising a first magnetic structure 26 having a generally annular shape and centered on an axis of rotation 28 of the exhaust mobile.
    The magnetic exhaust comprises a stopper 30 which momentarily couples, in each alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator 1.4, this mechanical resonator to the exhaust mobile 20. This stopper and the exhaust mobile are pivoted between a part of the cage 6 and an exhaust bridge 19 carried by this cage. The stop undergoes, when the mechanical resonator oscillates, a back-and-forth movement interspersed with rest phases where the stop is alternately stopped in two rest positions where it is respectively in abutment against two pins 36 and 37.
    In the variant shown, the stopper is formed by an anchor which carries two magnetic elements 32 and 33 each arranged so as to have an oscillating movement which is synchronous with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator and which is oriented mainly according to a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation 28 of the anchor. The two magnetic elements are similar and located on the same side of the escape wheel 22. They are both coupled simultaneously in a similar manner to the first magnetic structure, which is arranged so that these two magnetic elements are coupled with it continuously (or almost continuously) and so that their respective magnetic couplings add up. The operation of this magnetic escapement will be described in more detail below.
    In the variant shown, the exhaust mobile 20 comprises a second wheel 38 comprising a second magnetic structure 40 which has a planar symmetry with the first magnetic structure 26 and which is located at a distance from the latter so as to allow the two magnetic elements 32 and 33 to be located,
    CH 715 049 A2 when they oscillate, at least momentarily between the first and second magnetic structures. The two magnetic elements 32 and 33 interact, similarly, simultaneously with the first and second magnetic structures, so that the effects add up. The two magnetic elements are coupled with the first and second magnetic structures so that the escapement mobile makes a rotation of a predetermined angular period at each period of oscillation of the balance 16. The first and second magnetic structures and are formed respectively a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet which each have an axial magnetization and the same polarity. The two magnetic elements of the anchor are each formed by a permanent magnet having an axial magnetization and an inverted polarity relative to the first and second magnets, so as to undergo a magnetic repulsive force with each of the two magnetic structures.
    Preferably, the first and second wheels 22 and 38 respectively carry a first ferromagnetic structure 44 and a second ferromagnetic structure 46 which respectively cover the first and second magnetic structures on the two external sides of the assembly consisting of these first and second magnetic structures, so as to form, in association with a few fixing pins (see fig. 3) rising from each of the two ferromagnetic structures, a certain shielding of the first and second magnetic structures and of each magnetic element situated between them and thus magnetically coupled with them. The two ferromagnetic structures respectively form two supports for the two magnetic structures. In the variant shown, since the two magnetic elements are continuously coupled with the first and second magnetic structures and therefore remain located between the two ferromagnetic structures, the magnetic escapement is partially shielded. In addition, the magnetic fields of magnetic structures and magnetic elements are confined by the first and second ferromagnetic structures.
    In general, the magnetic escapement is arranged so as to present, in normal operation of the watch movement, alternately phases of energy accumulation, coming from a conversion of mechanical energy supplied by the barrel into energy. potential magnetic in the magnetic escapement, and phases of transfer of energy accumulated in the magnetic escapement to the magnetic resonator. Each energy accumulation phase and the energy transfer phase which follows it take place during a time interval equal to half of an oscillation period of the mechanical resonator.
    In the context of the first embodiment, the arrangement of the magnetic escapement mentioned in the preceding paragraph and the operation of this magnetic escapement will be described below with the aid of FIGS. 5 to 9. Fig. 5 shows two magnetic potential energy curves 66 and 68, respectively for the two rest positions of the anchor 30 where the latter is respectively in abutment against the stops 36 and 37, which each correspond to the magnetic potential energy E PM in the magnetic escapement as a function of the angle θ giving the angular position of the escapement mobile 20 and therefore of the magnetic structures 26 and 40 (it will be noted that this angle θ is measured according to the direction of rotation of the escapement mobile, namely clockwise in the example shown in Figs. 6 to 9). A magnetic escapement of the type selected for the first embodiment of the invention is disclosed in patent application EP 3 208 667 A1. Its operation will be described below and the characteristics specific to this operation which are used in the context of the present invention. Figs. 6 to 9 show four successive instants of an alternation of the balance 16 and of an alternation of the anchor 30 which is momentarily coupled to this balance.
    First, the two magnetic structures 26 and 40 together define, in each of the two rest positions of the anchor 30, increasing portions of potential magnetic energy PC1, respectively PC2 for the magnetic elements 32 and 33 of the anchor 30 which are both coupled, here continuously, to the two magnetic structures. In the variant described, these increasing portions are defined substantially by a magnetic track 58 that each of the two magnetic structures 26 and 40 includes, this magnetic track having a particular path, alternately entering and leaving relative to a median geometric circle. During normal operation of the watch movement, this particular layout is adapted to an accumulation of potential magnetic energy during rotation of the escapement mobile over a certain angular distance, while the anchor is alternately in its two positions. rest. Each magnetic track 58 is formed by the permanent magnet which constitutes the corresponding magnetic structure, this permanent magnet being arranged in magnetic repulsion with the permanent magnets which constitute the two magnetic elements 32 and 33, as already described.
    The increasing portions PC1 and PC2 thus define angular ramps for the accumulation of magnetic potential energy in the magnetic escapement. During each phase of energy accumulation, the two magnetic structures 26, 40 and therefore the exhaust mobile undergo a couple of magnetic force (shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 8 and 9 by two tangential arrows FT) having an opposite direction. in the direction of rotation of the escapement mobile (given in these figures by a circular arrow), that is to say opposite to a drive torque applied by the barrel via the tourbillon cage to the escapement mobile, and an intensity lower than that of this drive torque, so that the exhaust mobile turns a certain angle to allow the accumulation of a certain potential magnetic energy in the magnetic exhaust. It will be noted that the two magnetic elements 32 and 33 undergo, in response, each a magnetic force FM1, respectively FM2 having, on the one hand, a non-zero tangential component relative to the axis of rotation of the exhaust mobile (c ' that is to say a component tangent at all points to a geometric circle centered on the axis of rotation 28). On the other hand, these magnetic forces FM1 and FM2 are oriented so that the anchor also undergoes a torque of magnetic force, which keeps the fork 52 in abutment against
    CH 715 049 A2 the stop pin 36, respectively 37 depending on whether the anchor is in one of the other two of its rest positions in the energy accumulation phase considered. In fig. 8, which shows a situation of the magnetic escapement substantially at the start of an energy accumulation phase, the magnetic forces FM1 and FM2 are oriented so that the torque of magnetic force applied to the anchor is greater than the magnetic force torque applied to this anchor at the end of an energy accumulation phase (situation corresponding to that of fig. 6, but already visible in fig. 9 showing an intermediate situation of the magnetic escapement during an energy accumulation phase).
    During each phase of energy accumulation, it can be said that the two magnetic elements 32 and 33 of the anchor, which are coupled to the two magnetic structures 26 and 40, together climb one of the angular ramps of accumulation potential magnetic energy PC1 or PC2, by a certain rotation of the exhaust mobile, while the anchor 30 is in a resting phase. However, it should be noted that it is a magnetic interaction energy so that it is the set of magnetic structures and magnetic elements which ascends the angular ramps of accumulation of potential magnetic energy. In the case of a coordinate system linked to the watch movement, it is in fact rather the escapement mobile which climbs the increasing portions PC1 and PC2 of the potential energy curves 66 and 68, since it turns while the magnetic elements are stationary. However, if we consider a coordinate system associated with the escapement mobile and fixed relative to it, then it is the two magnetic elements that climb the increasing portions. We therefore understand that this is equivalent.
    In fig. 5, it can be seen that the magnetic escapement is arranged so that the increasing portions PC1 of the first magnetic potential energy curve 66 are respectively offset by an angular half-period P / 2 relative to the increasing portions PC2 of the second curve of magnetic potential energy 68. Next, the two magnetic structures define, for the two magnetic elements 32 and 33, in each of the two rest positions of the anchor, magnetic barriers BM1, respectively BM2 which succeed the increasing portions PC1, respectively PC2. The magnetic barriers BM1 and BM2 of a potential magnetic energy curve 66, 68 are formed respectively by magnetic pads 60 and 62 which are located alternately on either side of the magnetic track 58. Each magnetic barrier BM1 is thus located angularly between two successive magnetic barriers BM2 (and therefore vice versa).
    More specifically, in the variant described, two successive magnetic barriers BM1 or BM2 are angularly offset by an angular period P. The two magnetic elements of the anchor are angularly offset, relative to the axis of rotation 28, substantially an angle equal to 3P / 2 (generally an odd number of half-periods P / 2). In each of the two rest positions of the anchor, when one of the two magnetic elements is coupled with an outgoing part of the track 58, the other is coupled with a reentrant part of this track. Then, when the first magnetic element comes before an external magnetic pad 60, the second comes before an internal magnetic pad 62, and vice versa.
    During normal operation of the watch movement, the magnetic barriers are arranged so as to generate, on the two magnetic elements having climbed a previous angular ramp, a relatively large torque of magnetic force which is opposite to the driving torque. applied by the barrel to the exhaust mobile, so as to be able to stop the angular advance of the exhaust mobile. For a given mechanical force torque, the exhaust mobile finally stops at a substantially determined angular position (situation corresponding to FIG. 6), corresponding in FIG. 5 at stable points E · ,, E 3 , E 2N + i, with N> 0, alternately on curves 66 and 68. It will be noted that slight rebounds can take place so that the exhaust mobile undergoes a certain oscillation around of these stable points, which is amortized fairly quickly under the action of friction common to watchmaking mobiles. In a preferred variant, the watch movement 2 comprises a rocket 12 for equalizing the force torque supplied by the barrel 10 to the tourbillon cage 6, so that the escapement mobile is subjected to a substantially constant torque in the range of useful operation of the timepiece. Thus, throughout this operating range, the abovementioned stable points correspond to a potential magnetic energy of the same value.
    Then, during each energy transfer phase, the two magnetic elements 32 and 33 each undergo a radial magnetic force FR1 and FR2 (situation corresponding to FIG. 7), relative to the axis of rotation 28 of the exhaust mobile, during an alternation of its oscillating movement and in the direction of this oscillating movement during this alternation. It will be noted that this radial magnetic force is generally a radial component of the total magnetic force exerted on each of the magnetic elements. It will be noted that the oscillating movement of each of the magnetic elements is, in the preferred variant which is shown, substantially radial relative to the axis of rotation 28 of the escapement mobile and therefore magnetic structures 26 and 40 which are generally centered on this rotation axis. The axis of rotation of the anchor is positioned for this purpose in the watch movement. The magnetic forces, acting respectively on the magnetic elements of the anchor, which supply mechanical energy to this anchor, in the form of a work of a couple of magnetic force, are therefore here substantially the radial components FR1, FR2, called also radial magnetic forces, respective total magnetic forces.
    As in a conventional mechanical escapement with a Swiss anchor, each alternation of the anchor 30 is started by an initial drive of this anchor by means of a pendulum via a dowel 50 (pin having a truncated disc profile) which is placed between the two horns of the fork 52 of the anchor. This initial phase allows the magnetic elements 32 and 33 to each undergo an initial radial displacement before they undergo, in a following phase of the alternation considered of their oscillating movement, a fall in potential magnetic energy so that the magnified exhaust
    CH 715 049 A2 tick generally undergoes a decrease in potential magnetic energy, referenced D1 and D2 in FIG. 5, during each alternation of the oscillation of the balance 16 and consequently of each alternation of the oscillating movement of the anchor 30. During such alternation, the anchor passes from one rest position to the other so that the potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement varies from a situation described by curve 66 to a situation described by curve 68 or vice versa, depending on whether the anchor is initially in one or the other of its two rest positions at the beginning of the alternation considered.
    The arrangement of the magnetic escapement described above, from which follows the profile of each of the two curves 66 and 68, therefore allows this magnetic escapement to convert into mechanical energy the potential magnetic energy accumulated in the phase of accumulation of previous energy to supply it to the anchor in the form of a force couple which works while the anchor rotates. Thus, the anchor becomes driving and provides an energy pulse to the balance wheel via its fork 50, as in a conventional mechanical escapement, to maintain the oscillation of the balance-spring. What is remarkable in the magnetic escapement selected in the context of the invention is that the transfer of energy can occur without any rotation of the escapement mobile, as shown in FIG. 5 for the particular variant where the exhaust mobile remains at the same angular position during each alternation of the anchor, the potential magnetic energy at the end of the alternation corresponding to the points E 2 , E 4 , E 2N with N> 0, alternately on curves 68 and 66. It will be noted that depending on the driving torque of the barrel, the inertia of the tourbillon cage and the specific arrangement of the magnetic structures, the escapement mobile can undergo a small rotation during alternations of the anchor, especially in their terminal phase. Such a variant is also shown in FIG. 5 where the magnetic escapement is at the end of alternation at points E 2 *, E 4 *, E 2N * with N> 0. The important thing for the type of magnetic escapement selected is not only that the escape wheel rotates or does not rotate during the transmission of an energy pulse to the mechanical resonator, but it is that a certain angular displacement of the latter is not necessary to trigger this energy pulse, a once the balance is mechanically coupled to the anchor via its fork, and to generate it entirely, so that its intensity does not depend on the inertia of the elements between the barrel and the exhaust mobile, in particular no inertia of the tourbillon cage.
    Note that the magnetic escapement selected in the context of the first embodiment is substantially at constant force; that is to say that the decreases in potential magnetic energy in the phases of transmitting energy to the balance remain substantially constant in the useful operating range of the timepiece. It is a property of the magnetic system of the selected magnetic escapement (see fig. 5). Indeed, even in the absence of a device for equalizing the force torque applied to the exhaust mobile by the barrel, the maintenance pulses supplied to the mechanical resonator in said useful operating range (force couples applied by the barrel at the exhaust mobile varying within a given range of values) respectively correspond to amounts of energy having close values. The rocket 12 for equalizing the force torque supplied by the barrel to the tourbillon cage / to the escapement mobile therefore serves here to improve the efficiency of the entire system (watch movement).
    Generally, in the context of the first embodiment, the selected magnetic escapement comprises a retainer which momentarily couples, in each alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, this mechanical resonator to the exhaust mobile, the retainer carrying a magnetic element or a plurality of magnetic elements and undergoing, when the mechanical resonator oscillates, a back-and-forth movement interspersed with phases of rest where the stop is alternately stopped in two rest positions. A magnetic structure or several magnetic structures define in the two rest positions of the retainer respectively a first magnetic potential energy curve and a second magnetic potential energy curve, both depending on the angle of the exhaust mobile and each presenting:
    increasing portions for the magnetic interaction between the magnetic structure or the magnetic structures and said magnetic element or the set of magnetic elements which, among the plurality of magnetic elements, are coupled to the magnetic structure, respectively to the magnetic structures in the corresponding rest position of the retainer, these increasing portions being configured so that they can be climbed cyclically and periodically, during normal operation of the watch movement, by this magnetic element or by this set of magnetic elements, and
    - Magnetic barriers which respectively follow the increasing portions in the corresponding rest position of the stopper, these magnetic barriers being arranged so as to be able to stop an angular advance of the exhaust mobile while the stopper is in this rest position corresponding.
    Then, the increasing portions of the first magnetic potential energy curve are respectively angularly offset relative to the increasing portions of the second magnetic potential energy curve, each magnetic barrier of one of the first and second potential energy curves. magnetic being located angularly between two successive magnetic barriers of the other of these first and second magnetic potential energy curves.
    In addition, the magnetic escapement is arranged so that:
    - the energy accumulation phases occur mainly and respectively in the successive rest phases of the stopper,
    CH 715 049 A2
    - during each energy accumulation phase, said magnetic element or all of the magnetic elements, which among the plurality of magnetic elements is then coupled to the magnetic structure or to the magnetic structures, is likely to climb at least partially one of the increasing portions during a certain rotation of the exhaust mobile,
    - the increasing portions of the first and second magnetic potential energy curves can, during normal operation of the watch movement, be respectively and alternately at least partially etched during successive energy accumulation phases.
    Finally, the magnetic escapement is also arranged so that:
    - the energy transfer phases occur respectively in the successive alternations of the back and forth movement of the stopper,
    - this magnetic escapement undergoes, during the normal operation of the watch movement, overall a decrease in potential magnetic energy during each of the successive alternations of the back and forth movement of the stop, and
    the decrease in potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement results mainly from a work of the radial magnetic force exerted on said magnetic element or on each magnetic element of the set of magnetic elements which, among the plurality of magnetic elements , were coupled to the magnetic structure or to the magnetic structures during a previous rest phase, this work of the radial magnetic force being thus supplied to the retainer which is arranged to transmit it for the most part to the mechanical resonator, so that this mechanical resonator can receive a pulse of mechanical energy in each alternation of the back-and-forth movement of this retainer.
    The variant of the first embodiment shown comprises six external magnetic pads 60 forming as many magnetic stops to momentarily stop the escape wheel and also six internal magnetic pads 62 also forming as many magnetic stops. It will be noted that the number of external / internal magnetic pads can be different and preferably greater. Thus in another variant, the number of external / internal magnetic pads is equal to ten or twelve. It will also be noted that, in another variant, provision is made for having only internal magnetic pads or, preferably, only external magnetic pads.
    In an advantageous variant, shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 to 9, mechanical safety is provided in the event of shocks or other strong accelerations that the magnetic escapement can undergo. It is obtained by the teeth 70 integral with the exhaust mobile arranged at the arms 54 and 55 of the anchor which respectively carry the two magnets 32 and 33, these teeth being capable of cooperating with two fingers situated respectively at the ends of the two arms. In each rest position of the anchor, if the magnetic barrier described above does not exert a sufficient stopping torque to prevent the exhaust mobile from not crossing it, one of the two fingers then abuts against one of the teeth 70.
    As the invention makes it possible to increase the frequency of oscillation of the balance-spring, even by a lot, it is provided for this purpose, in particular to maintain the angular speed of the tourbillon cage at one revolution per minute, that the tourbillon carries an intermediate mobile 74 whose intermediate wheel 76 meshes with the escapement pinion 24 and whose intermediate pinion 78 meshes with the stationary second wheel 80 which includes the watch movement. The intermediate mobile is a mobile reducing the frequency of rotation of the escapement mobile and is here arranged so that the tourbillon cage makes one revolution on itself per minute. In an advantageous variant, the oscillation frequency Fo of the mechanical resonator is greater than five Hertz (Fo> 5 Hz). In a preferred variant, this frequency is substantially equal to or greater than 6 Hz (Fo> = 6 Hz) and, in a specific variant the oscillation frequency of the mechanical resonator has a value between, including, eight Hertz and twelve Hertz ( 8 Hz = <Fo = <12 Hz). It will be noted that an intermediate mobile is already useful for smaller frequencies of oscillation of the balance-spring, for example for three Hertz (Fo = 3 Hz), because the exhaust mobile performs in the example shown one revolution for six periods of oscillation of the balance-spring, which corresponds to a rotation frequency much higher than that of a conventional toothed escape wheel.
    The frequency of rotation F Ro t of the escape wheel is determined by the frequency of the mechanical resonator Fo and by the number of external magnetic pads 60, respectively of the number of internal magnetic pads 62. In a general variant, the frequency of rotation F Rot (number of turns per second) of the exhaust mobile is between, including, a quarter and a sixteenth of the oscillation frequency Fodu mechanical resonator (Fo / 16 = <F Rot = <Fo / 4 ). This amounts to saying that the number N PA of magnetized pads / of external magnetic 60 or internal stops 62 is between four and sixteen (4 <= N PA <= 16), because F Ro t = Fo / N PA . In a first example with a mechanical resonator oscillating at three Hertz (Fo = 3 Hz) and the toothing of the fixed wheel (80) comprising 108 teeth, the intermediate pinion comprises 14 teeth and the intermediate wheel comprises 70 teeth, while the pinion exhaust (24) includes 18 teeth. In a second example with a mechanical resonator oscillating at six Hertz (Fo = 6 Hz) and the toothing of the fixed wheel comprising 120 teeth, the intermediate pinion comprises 12 teeth and the intermediate wheel comprises 72 teeth, while the exhaust pinion includes 12 teeth.
    In fig. 10 is shown in cross section similar to that of FIG. 3, a second embodiment of the invention. Only the distinctive elements of this second embodiment will be described below. Note that
    CH 715 049 A2 the magnetic escapement is identical to that of the first embodiment and that all the variants which have been described for this first embodiment also apply to the second embodiment, which is distinguished by the arrangement of the mechanical resonator 14A which comprises a balance 16A magnetically pivoted in the cage 6A of the tourbillon 4A. The cage comprises for this purpose two magnetic bearings 84 and 86 which are formed respectively by two magnets 88 and 90, the shaft 92 of the balance 16A being provided in ferromagnetic material to ensure its alignment between the two magnets. For the operation of such a magnetic pivot and various possible variants, reference may be made to documents EP 2 450 758, EP 3 109 712 and EP 3 106 933. This is remarkable with such a magnetic system for pivoting the balance in a tourbillon is the fact that it makes it possible to greatly reduce the walking differences between the horizontal positions and the vertical positions of the movement, while the tourbillon makes it possible to average the walking differences between the various vertical positions.
    Two variants of the first and second embodiments will be described below. The first variant is shown in FIG. 11, in a simplified manner. The exhaust device 18B comprises an anchor 30B and an exhaust mobile 20B, formed by a single wheel 22 similar to that of the variants described above and therefore carrying a magnetic structure 26 which will not be described here again. In this fig. 11, the median geometric circle 96 has been shown around which each energy pulse supplied to the anchor 30B substantially intervenes, which transmits it to the mechanical resonator 14B (of which only the balance 16A has been shown diagrammatically). This median geometric circle 96 separates the re-entrant portions of the incoming portions of the magnetic track 58 and also the outer stop areas 60 from the inner stop areas 62, which form the magnetic barriers described above. More generally, this circle 96 separates two annular and contiguous magnetic tracks 98 and 100 opposite which are the only magnetic element 32B of the anchor respectively in the two rest positions of this anchor and therefore alternately during the accumulation phases d successive magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement. The operation of this magnetic escapement is similar to that already described. The major distinction of this variant resides in the anchor 30B which is provided with a single magnet 32B, arranged in repulsion of the magnetized magnetic structure 26, and in the exhaust mobile which comprises only one magnetic structure arranged at a level lower / higher than that in which the magnet oscillates when the watch movement is in operation.
    The variant of FIG. 12 is distinguished by the material arrangement of various parts forming the magnetic escapement 18C. On the other hand, the operation is similar to that already described, the magnetic structure 26C having in plan substantially the same design as the structure 26. The exhaust mobile 20C and its wheel 22C, carrying the magnetic structure 26C, differ respectively from the mobile 20B and from its wheel 22 of the previous figure, in fact the structure 26C extends laterally to a core 23, at its periphery, while the structure 26 is arranged on a support disc (with high magnetic permeability or not depending on the variant) . The anchor 30C is, depending on the variant, similar to the anchor 30 or 30B, with the exception of the arrangement of the magnetic elements. More specifically, the anchor 30C comprises at least one pair of similar magnetic elements 32C and 33C (two identical magnets in the example shown) which are located respectively above and below the magnetic structure 26C and which are both coupled in a similar manner to this magnetic structure and so that their respective magnetic couplings add up. Preferably, each pair of magnets is carried by a support 31 made of a material with high magnetic permeability (in particular ferro-magnetic) having a general "C" shape.
    Referring to Figs. 13 and 14, a third embodiment of the invention will be described below which is characterized by a magnetic escapement 118 without retainer, the escapement movable 120 being directly magnetically coupled to the mechanical resonator 114 (shown diagrammatically) including the pendulum 116 carries (the magnetic elements 102 and 103. The balance is associated with a balance spring 115. The cage 106 of the tourbillon is shown diagrammatically by a block to which is fixed one end of the balance spring and which carries the balance 116 and the mobile 120 , which are arranged pivoting in the cage 106, respectively around two axes of rotation 8 and 28 as in the two previous embodiments. The exhaust mobile 120 rotates continuously and synchronously with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator (c that is to say that the escape wheel rotates by a predetermined angular period during each period of oscillation of the balance 11 It will be noted that the angular speed of the exhaust mobile can have a certain variation during each period of oscillation, in particular depending on whether one is in an energy accumulation phase or a transfer phase. energy.
    The magnetic structure 126 is annular and formed alternately of annular sectors 128, in which magnets are arranged in magnetic repulsion with the magnets 102 and 103 when they are presented alternately opposite these annular sectors, and of annular sectors 130 formed of a non-magnetic material, such as brass or aluminum. Each pair of adjacent annular sectors defines an angular period of the magnetic structure. Preferably, the magnets of the magnetic structure 126 angularly have a thickness increasing in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation provided for the exhaust mobile, so as to have a gap which decreases between each of them and the magnet 102, 103 which passes above (when the exhaust mobile turns) and also an intensifying magnetic flux. For such an advantageous variant, FIG. 14 represents contour lines 134 for the magnetic potential energy in the magnetic escapement (here constituted by the magnetic structure 126 and the two magnets 102 and 103 integral with the balance) as a function of the relative angular position of one or more 'other of the two magnets 102 and 103. When the mechanical resonator 114 oscillates, these two magnets oscillate with a phase shift of 180 °, each according to a path represented by the curve 140 in a polar coordinate system linked to the exhaust mobile.
    CH 715 049 A2
    Each annular sector 128 defines a set 128A of level curves, two successive sets 128A being separated by a sector 126A of zero magnetic potential energy defined by an annular sector 126. The level curves 134 are increasing towards the inside of them. ci, that is to say that the outer curve has less potential energy than the next curve located inside the latter, and so on. For other alternative embodiments, reference will be made to document EP 2 891 930 which describes magnetic escapements of the type selected in the context of the third embodiment.
    When the mechanical resonator is in its neutral position (minimum mechanical energy position shown in Fig. 13), the two magnets 102, 103 are located on a circle 132 of zero position. When the mechanical resonator oscillates, these two magnets alternately penetrate above the magnetic structure so that the balance is constantly magnetically coupled to this magnetic structure. So that these two magnets alternately experience the same coupling with the magnetic structure, they have an angular offset of an odd number of angular half-periods of the magnetic structure. Thus, the escapement mobile performs a rotation of a determined angular period at each period of oscillation of the balance. In addition, similarly to the previous embodiments, the two magnets 102 and 103 mainly undergo a radial movement, relative to the axis of rotation 28 of the escapement mobile, when the balance oscillates. Preferably, their movement is oriented radially when they cross the zero position circle 132 (corresponding to the outer circle of the magnetic structure). As mentioned, in the variant proposed here, the two magnets 102 and 103 are alternately coupled to the magnetic structure so that they successively undergo magnetic coupling with one of the annular sectors magnetized 128. Thus, the overall magnetic potential energy in l the magnetic exhaust 118 is given by the contour lines 134 in FIG. 14.
    We observe in FIG. 14 that the magnetic escapement is arranged so as to present, during normal operation of the watch movement, alternately phases of energy accumulation, originating from a conversion of mechanical energy supplied by the barrel into potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement, and phases of transfer of energy accumulated in the magnetic escapement to the magnetic resonator. The magnetic escapement defines rising angular ramps 136 for the accumulation of potential magnetic energy which, during the continuous rotation of the magnetic structure, undergo alternately the magnets 102 and 103 during successive phases of energy accumulation during which they successively and partially climb these rising angular ramps. As the magnetic interaction force between the magnets 102, 103 and the magnetic structure is oriented perpendicular to the level lines 134, these magnets then undergo a magnetic force which is essentially perpendicular to the radius which it forms with the axis of rotation 28 Thus, the magnetic structure 126 (and therefore the exhaust mobile) undergoes, during each phase of energy accumulation, a couple of magnetic force, relative to its axis of rotation, having a direction opposite to that of '' a drive torque, applied by the barrel via the tourbillon cage to the exhaust mobile. It will be noted that the arrangement of the magnets 102, 103 and of the magnetized annular sectors 128 is provided so that, in normal operating mode, the intensity of the magnetic force torque is less than that of the driving torque, so that the exhaust mobile can continue its rotation and rotate at a certain angle, thus allowing a potential energy accumulation in the magnetic exhaust.
    The magnetic escapement also defines descending radial ramps 138 of magnetic potential energy which the two magnets 102 and 103 descend alternately after having climbed the rising angular ramps 136. As the magnetic force exerted on each magnet 102 , 103, descending a descending radial ramp, is oriented perpendicular to the level lines 134, it then undergoes, during energy transfer phases, mainly a radial magnetic force, relative to the axis of rotation 28, during each alternation of the oscillation movement of the mechanical resonator and in the direction of this oscillation movement during this alternation, so that the magnetic escapement then converts into mechanical energy potential magnetic energy accumulated in the accumulation phase d energy to maintain the oscillation of the mechanical resonator. The decrease in potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement therefore results mainly from a work of the radial magnetic force exerted alternately on each of the two magnetic elements, this work of the radial magnetic force being transmitted directly to the mechanical resonator, so that this mechanical resonator receives a pulse of mechanical energy in each alternation of its oscillation movement.
    The descending radial ramps 138 extend over a certain angular distance so that the continuous movement of the escapement wheel has no impact on the particular characteristics sought in the context of the present invention. Indeed, the important thing is that the main radial force which is exerted alternately on each of the two magnets attached to the pendulum does not depend almost on any rotation of the escapement mobile. Indeed, we observe in fig. 14 that the arrangement of the magnetic structure makes it possible to generate the energy pulses for the balance wheel without rotation of the exhaust mobile. If the latter stopped at the end of the energy accumulation phase, then the pendulum would nevertheless receive in the form of a pulse the same amount of energy as that which it receives by undergoing during the energy transfer phases a certain rotational movement. In addition, it can be observed that this quantity of energy remains almost constant, whether the angular speed of the balance wheel is small or relatively large, provided that the magnetic escapement is arranged so that, in normal operation, it does not reach the top of the rising angular ramps 136 at the end of the energy accumulation phases. This condition is provided in the magnetic escapement according to this third embodiment.
    CH 715 049 A2 Finally, it will be noted that a rocket (similar to rocket 12 shown in the context of the first embodiment) incorporated into the watch movement makes it possible to equalize the force torque supplied by the barrel to the tourbillon cage, so that the escapement mobile is subjected to a constant torque during the normal operation of the watch movement. In the context of the third embodiment, such a rocket makes it possible to obtain a stationary operating phase over the entire useful operating range of the watch movement, with the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel which remains constant and maintenance pulses which provide the balance with the same amount of mechanical energy. All the benefit provided by a force torque equalization rocket in a classic mechanical watch movement is brought to the timepiece according to this third embodiment.
    claims
    1. Timepiece comprising a timepiece movement (2) equipped with a tourbillon (4) comprising a cage (6, 6A, 106) arranged rotating around a main axis, a barrel arranged to accumulate mechanical energy and of a train kinematically connecting said cage of the tourbillon to the barrel, the tourbillon carrying a mechanical resonator (14, 14B, 114), formed by a balance (16, 16A, 116) and a hairspring, and a exhaust system; this timepiece being characterized in that the escapement device consists of a magnetic escapement (18) which comprises an escapement mobile (20,20B, 20C, 120) formed by an exhaust pinion and d '' at least one magnetic structure (26, 40, 26C, 126), which has a generally annular shape which is centered on an axis of rotation (28) of the exhaust mobile, this magnetic escapement further comprising a magnetic element or a plurality of magnetic elements (32, 33, 32B, 32C, 33C, 102, 103), this magnetic element or each magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements being arranged to have an oscillating movement which is synchronous with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator and which has a non-zero radial component relative to said axis of rotation, said magnetic element being coupled with said at least one magnetic structure or each magnetic element tick of said plurality of magnetic elements being coupled, at least momentarily periodically, with said at least one magnetic structure so that the escapement mobile performs a rotation of a determined angular period at each period of oscillation of the pendulum ; in that the magnetic escapement is arranged so as to present, during normal operation of the watch movement, alternately phases of energy accumulation, coming from a conversion of mechanical energy supplied by the barrel into potential energy magnetic in the magnetic escapement, and phases of transfer of energy accumulated in the magnetic escapement to the magnetic resonator; and in that the magnetic escapement is arranged so that:
    - during each energy accumulation phase, said at least one magnetic structure undergoes a couple of magnetic force, relative to said axis of rotation, having a direction opposite to that of a drive torque, applied by the barrel via the tourbillon cage at the escapement mobile, and an intensity lower than that of this drive torque, so that the escapement mobile turns by a certain angle to allow the accumulation of a certain potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement;
    - during each energy transfer phase, said magnetic element or each magnetic element of a set of magnetic elements, which among the plurality of magnetic elements was coupled to said at least one magnetic structure during a phase d 'previous energy accumulation, undergoes a radial magnetic force, relative to said axis of rotation, during an alternation of its oscillating movement and in the direction of the radial component of this oscillating movement during this alternation, so that the magnetic escapement then converts into magnetic energy potential magnetic energy accumulated in said previous energy accumulation phase in order to maintain the oscillation of the mechanical resonator.
    [2]
    2. Timepiece according to claim 1, characterized in that said magnetic escapement comprises a stopper (30, 30B, 30C) which momentarily couples, in each alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, this mechanical resonator to the mobile of exhaust (20, 20B, 20C), the retainer carrying said magnetic element or said plurality of magnetic elements and undergoing, when the mechanical resonator (14, 14B) oscillates, a back-and-forth movement interspersed with phases of rest where the stopper is stopped alternately in two rest positions; in that said at least one magnetic structure defines in the two rest positions of the retainer respectively a first magnetic potential energy curve (66) and a second magnetic potential energy curve (68), both as a function of the angle of the exhaust mobile and each having:
    - increasing portions (PC1, PC2) for the magnetic interaction between said at least one magnetic structure and said magnetic element or the set of magnetic elements which, among the plurality of magnetic elements, are coupled to said at least one structure magnetic in the corresponding rest position of the retainer, these increasing portions being configured so that they can be climbed, during said normal operation, cyclically and periodically by this magnetic element or by this set of magnetic elements, and
    - magnetic barriers (BM1, BM2) which respectively follow the increasing portions, these magnetic barriers being arranged so as to be able to stop an angular advance of the exhaust mobile while the stopper is in the corresponding rest position; said increasing portions of the first magnetic potential energy curve being respectively offset relative to the increasing portions of the second magnetic potential energy curve, each magnetic barrier of one of the first and second energy curves
    CH 715 049 A2 magnetic potential being located angularly between two successive magnetic barriers of the other of these first and second magnetic potential energy curves; the magnetic escapement being arranged so that:
    - the energy accumulation phases occur mainly and respectively in the successive rest phases of the stopper,
    - during each energy accumulation phase, said magnetic element or all of the magnetic elements, which among said plurality of magnetic elements are then coupled to said at least one magnetic structure, is capable of at least partially climbing a said increasing portions during a certain rotation of the exhaust mobile,
    - the increasing portions of the first and second magnetic potential energy curves can, during said normal operation, be respectively and alternately at least partially climbed during successive energy accumulation phases;
    and in that the magnetic escapement is further arranged so that:
    - the energy transfer phases occur respectively in the successive alternations of the back and forth movement of the stopper,
    - this magnetic escapement undergoes, during said normal operation, overall a decrease in potential magnetic energy (D1, D2) during each of the successive alternations of the back-and-forth movement of the stopper, and
    - the decrease in potential magnetic energy in the magnetic escapement results mainly from a work of said radial magnetic force (FR1, FR2) exerted on said magnetic element or on each magnetic element of the set of magnetic elements which, among the plurality of magnetic elements, were coupled to said at least one magnetic structure during a previous rest phase, this work of the radial magnetic force being thus supplied to the retainer which is arranged to transmit it mainly to the mechanical resonator , so that this mechanical resonator receives a pulse of mechanical energy in each alternation of the back-and-forth movement of this retainer.
    [3]
    3. Timepiece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tourbillon further carries an intermediate mobile (74) whose intermediate wheel (76) meshes with the exhaust pinion (24) and whose intermediate pinion (78) meshes with a fixed second wheel (80) which comprises the watch movement, the intermediate mobile being a mobile reducing the frequency of rotation of the escapement mobile and being arranged so that said tourbillon cage makes a revolution on itself per minute.
    [4]
    4. Timepiece according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oscillation frequency (Fo) of the mechanical resonator is substantially equal to or greater than six Hertz (Fo> = 6 Hz).
    [5]
    5. Timepiece according to claim 3, characterized in that the oscillation frequency (Fo) of the mechanical resonator has a value between, including, eight Hertz and twelve Hertz (8 Hz = <Fo = <12 Hz ).
    [6]
    6. Timepiece according to claim 3 or 5 or claim 4 dependent on claim 3, characterized in that the rotation frequency (F Ro t) of the exhaust mobile has a value between, including, a quarter and one sixteenth of the oscillation frequency (Fo) of the mechanical resonator (Fo / 4 <= F Ro t <= Fo / 16).
    [7]
    7. Timepiece according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic escapement comprises at least two similar magnetic elements (32, 33) which are located on the same side of said magnetic structure (26) and which are both coupled simultaneously to this magnetic structure so that their respective magnetic couplings add up.
    [8]
    8. Timepiece according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic escapement comprises at least one pair of similar magnetic elements (32C, 33C) which are located respectively above and below said magnetic structure (26C) and both of which are coupled simultaneously to this magnetic structure so that their respective magnetic couplings add up.
    [9]
    9. Timepiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said magnetic structure is a first magnetic structure (26); characterized in that the exhaust mobile comprises a second magnetic structure (40) which has a planar symmetry with the first magnetic structure and which is located at a distance from the latter so as to allow said magnetic element or each magnetic element of said plurality of magnetic elements (32, 33) to be located, during said oscillating movement, at least momentarily between the first and second magnetic structures.
    [10]
    10. Timepiece according to claim 9, characterized in that the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure are respectively formed of a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet which each have an axial magnetization and the same polarity ; and in that said magnetic element or each magnetic element of said plurality of magnetic elements (32, 33) is formed by a permanent magnet having an axial magnetization and an inverted polarity relative to the first and second magnets, so as to undergo a force of magnetic repulsion during magnetic coupling with each of the first and second magnetic structures.
    CH 715 049 A2
    [11]
    11. Timepiece according to claim 10, characterized in that said escapement mobile (20) carries a first ferromagnetic structure (44) and a second ferromagnetic structure (46) which respectively cover the first and second magnetic structures (26 , 40) on the two external sides of all of these first and second magnetic structures, so as to thus form a shielding of the first and second magnetic structures and of each magnetic element when the latter is located between them and is thus coupled magnetically with these.
    [12]
    12. Timepiece according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balance (16A) is magnetically pivoted in the cage (6A) of the tourbillon which for this purpose comprises two magnetic bearings (84, 86).
    CH 715 049 A2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP3882711A1|2020-03-18|2021-09-22|The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd|Timepiece movement comprising an escapement provided with a magnetic system|
    EP3882713A1|2020-03-18|2021-09-22|The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd|Timepiece movement comprising an escapement provided with a magnetic system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH7342018|2018-06-07|
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